A pro-forma was used to extract data including details of interventions, their effectiveness, and opportunities and barriers to implementation. Extracted data were analysed using a combination of tallies of frequency and a narrative synthesis approach. Evidence of the effectiveness of a range of organisational interventions

for the prevention and management of workplace stress was identified. Individual-level interventions with the greatest volume of supporting evidence included stress management training, cognitive behavioural approaches and counselling. Interventions focused on the interface between the individual and organisation with the greatest volume of supporting evidence included

those increasing employee participation, improving communication and involving skill training. At the organisational level, buy Idasanutlin the greatest volume of evidence was found for the effectiveness of interventions modifying Small molecule library task or job characteristics, targeting aspects of the physical working environment and those involving changes to work scheduling (e.g. flexi-time, rest breaks, shift patterns). The most commonly identified benefits to employees were a reduction in perceived stress, increased job satisfaction and improved psychological well-being. The benefits to organisations most commonly demonstrated were reduced sickness absence, improved organisational culture/climate and increased performance/productivity. Finally, a model of best practice in organisational stress management and prevention was derived from data on opportunities

and barriers to implementation. This review has synthesised existing evidence for the effectiveness of organisational interventions for preventing or managing workplace stress. Whilst none of the interventions described were conducted in a community pharmacy setting, the list of interventions generated provides a good starting point for those seeking to develop evidence-based strategies in stress management and prevention Alanine-glyoxylate transaminase in this sector. Moreover, the derived model of best practice may be transferrable to a community pharmacy setting. The findings from the literature review were used as the basis for discussion in stakeholder interviews in the wider scoping study to explore what was already happening in community pharmacy organisations to prevent or manage workplace stress, and what else might be suitable, acceptable and/or adaptable in the community pharmacy context. 1. Willis, S, Hassell, K. Pharmacists’ occupational well-being needs to be improved in order to avoid dispensing errors. Pharm J 2010; 285: 371. 2. DeFrank RS, Cooper CL. Worksite stress management interventions: Their effectiveness and conceptualisation, J Manag Psych, 1987; 2(1):4–10.