Hence it was concluded that the concentration of 5–10μg/mL seems ideal for gene and drug therapy against cancer [115]. Xing et al. synthesized phospholipid-bearing polyethylene glycol (PL-PEG) functionalized SWCNTs conjugated with protein A which was further coupled with the fluorescein-labeled integrin αvβ3 monoclonal antibody to form SWCNT-integrin αvβ3 monoclonal antibody (SWCNT-PEG-mAb). Confocal microscopy revealed that SWNT-PEG-mAb

showed a much higher fluorescence signal on integrin αvβ3-positive U87MG cells and presented a high targeting efficiency with low cellular Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical toxicity, while, for integrin αvβ3-negative MCF-7 cells, no obvious fluorescence was observed which clearly reveals low targeting efficiency of the functionalized SWCNTs, Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical demonstrating

that the specific targeting of integrin αvβ3-positive U87MG cells was caused by the specific recognition of integrin αvβ3 on the cellular membrane by the αvβ3 monoclonal antibody [116]. Oxidized MWCNTs cannot only be distributed in the Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical brain but may accumulate in tumors after conjugating with specific ligands and also possess an ultrahigh surface area for efficient loading of anticancer drug. Ren et al. developed a dual targeting PEGylated MWCNTs and loaded with a targeting ligand angiopep2 (ANG) and doxorubicin, respectively, to target low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein receptor which is overexpressed on the blood brain barrier (BBB) and C6 glioma cells. In vitro intracellular tracking and in vivo fluorescence imaging Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical demonstrated the ideal dual targeting of the developed system which was attained by the higher transcytosis capacity and parenchymal Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical accumulation by the angiopep-2 and can be considered a material of choice to cross blood brain barrier as well as to specifically

recognise their lipoprotein receptors present on the glioma cells for directing the site specific release of anticancer drug. C6 cytotoxicity, hematology analysis, and CD68 immunohistochemical analysis reveals better antiglioma effect with good biocompatibility and low toxicity of O-MWCNTs-PEG-ANG, compared with that of free doxorubicin [117]. The existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) or stem-like cancer cells (SLCCs) is regarded as the cause of Cilengitide tumor formation and their Tofacitinib Citrate recurrence. However, the origin of such cells remains controversial with two competing hypotheses: CSCs are either transformed tissue adult stem cells or dedifferentiated from transformed progenitor cells [140]. Wang et al. explored the potential of CD133 monoclonal antibody (anti-CD133) conjugated SWCNTs for Imatinib Mesylate msds therapeutic targeting of CD133 CSCs. Glioblastoma (GBM)-CD133+ cells were selectively targeted and eradicated whereas GBM-CD133− cells remained viable.