Indeed, several clinical studies show that acute headache medications containing psychoactive components (barbiturates, opiates) are associated with an increased risk of MOH. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition substance dependence criteria were identified in a sub-group of MOH patients. Comorbidity between MOH and substance-related

disorders has also been showed. Recent neuroimaging, biological, and pharmacogenetic studies suggest the existence of Talazoparib ic50 an overlap between the pathophysiological mechanisms of MOH and those of substance-related disorders. These data support the proposition of separating 2 sets of MOH patients: the first one in which the illness is mainly due to the worsening of the headache course, and the second one in which behavioral issues are a major determinant of the illness. Detection of a psychological dependence component in a sub-group of MOH patients should have http://www.selleckchem.com/products/DMXAA(ASA404).html direct relevance to disease management. “
“Background.— Migraine patients are at an increased risk for stroke, as well as other thromboembolic events. This warrants further study of the role of platelets in a proportion of migraine patients. Objective.— To extend the “platelet hypothesis” using literature data and observations made in a rat model of shear stress-induced platelet aggregation. Such aggregation causes release of serotonin, leading to vasoconstriction

during sufficiently selleck strong aggregation and to long-lasting vasodilation when aggregation diminishes. This vasodilation also depends on nitric oxide and prostaglandin formation. Results.— A role for platelet aggregation in a number of migraineurs is indicated by reports of an increased platelet activity during attacks and favorable effects of antiplatelet medication. We hypothesize that in those patients, a migraine attack with or without aura may both be caused by a rise in platelet-released

plasma serotonin, albeit at different concentration. At high concentrations, serotonin may cause vasoconstriction and, consequently, the neuronal signs of aura, whereas at low concentrations, it may already stimulate perivascular pain fibers and cause vasodilation via local formation of nitric oxide, prostaglandins, and neuropeptides. Platelet aggregation may be unilaterally evoked by elevated shear stress in a stenotic cervico-cranial artery, by reversible vasoconstriction or by other cardiovascular abnormality, eg, a symptomatic patent foramen ovale. This most likely occurs when a migraine trigger has further enhanced platelet aggregability; literature shows that many triggers either stimulate platelets directly or reduce endogenous platelet antagonists like prostacyclin. Conclusion.— New strategies for migraine medication and risk reduction of stroke are suggested. “
“(Headache 2010;50:1313-1319) Objective.