The results are shown in Fig. 2. The analysis of serum cross-reactivity among PspAs from clades 1 and 2 revealed a significant variation in the level of recognition of different isolates. Of all antisera tested, four presented high levels of cross-reactivity with PspAs of both clades, being two from clade 1 – PspA M12 and 245/00 – and two from clade 2 – PspA 94/01 and P339. These sera were selected and tested for their ability to increase complement deposition on the surface of a panel of pneumococcal stains. We also determined the ability of the four selected

anti-PspA sera to increase complement deposition on the surface of various pneumococci. Eight pneumococcal strains Proteasome inhibitor expressing family 1 PspAs were incubated with the heat-inactivated pooled sera from: PspA 245/00, PspA M12, PspA 94/01, PspA P339, PspA P 278 or serum from mice injected with only Al(OH)3 followed by the addition of 10% fresh-frozen Selleckchem Gefitinib normal mouse serum. The samples were washed and labeled with FITC-conjugated goat anti-mouse C3. The percentage of bacteria coated with C3 >10 fluorescence intensity units was determined by flow cytometry. Antibodies generated against PspA 245/00, when incubated with pneumococcal strains expressing clade

1 PspAs, efficiently increased C3 deposition, in all serotypes tested. Interestingly, the same was observed with strains bearing clade 2 PspAs, even strain A66.1, which is a heavily encapsulated serotype 3 strain (Fig. 3 and Fig. 4). Fig. 4 summarizes the complement deposition results, Cell press after discounting the non-specific interaction, revealing a percentage of fluorescent bacteria not lower than 30% for all strains tested. On the other hand, antibodies generated against PspA M12 induced lower C3 deposition in both PspA clade 1 and clade 2 containing strains (Fig. 3 and Fig. 4). As for antibodies produced against PspA clade 2, anti-PspA 94/01 enhanced

the amount of C3 deposited on all bacteria tested, regardless of the PspA clade expressed on their surface. Anti-PspA P339, on the other hand, showed the poorest results, leading to an increase in the amount of C3 deposited on only half of the pneumococcal strains tested. Corroborating with the immunoblot results, a poorly cross-reactive serum in that assay, P278, also showed a reduced ability to induce complement deposition in most of the strains (Fig. 3 and Fig. 4). In summary, antibodies generated against PspA 245/00 and 94/01 were able to increase complement deposition on the widest range of pneumococci tested, being selected for further investigation of their potential to mediate opsonophagocytic killing by peritoneal cells.