Significantly affected genes (false discovery rate <5% and fold change >= 1.5) were linked to gene ontology (GO) terms Saracatinib supplier using MAPPFinder, and hypothermia-suppressed genes were further analyzed with Pubmatrix.

Results: Mesenteric IRI-induced lung injury, as evidenced by leukocyte trafficking, alveolar hemorrhage, and increased BAL protein and wet/dry ratios, and activated a proinflammatory lung transcriptome compared with sham. In contrast, rats treated

with RIH exhibited lung histology, BAL protein, and wet/dry ratios similar to sham. At 6 hours, GO analysis identified 232 hypothermia-suppressed genes related to inflammation, innate immune response, and cell adhesion, and 33 hypothermia-activated genes related to lipid and amine metabolism and defense response. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction validated select array changes in top hypothermia-suppressed genes lipocalin-2 (lcn-2) and chemokine ligand

1 (CXCL-1), prominent genes associated with neutrophil activation and trafficking.

Conclusions: Therapeutic hypothermia during SMAO provides distant organ protection and preferentially modulates the IRI-activated transcriptome in the rat lung. This study identifies potential novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets of mesenteric IRI and provides a platform for further mechanistic study DNA Damage inhibitor of hypothermic protection at the cellular and subcellular level. (J Vasc Surg 2010;52:1003-14.)”
“The aim of this study was to examine the role of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR)

in the generation of oscillatory during field activity at theta frequency (4-12 Hz) in the medial septal slice prepared from rat brain. Bath application of mGluR agonists and antagonists showed that activation of mGluR1-type receptors produces persistent theta frequency oscillations in a dose-responsive manner. This activity, induced by the group I mGluR agonist (RS)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG), was reduced by ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonists and abolished by further addition of a GABA(A) receptor antagonist. However, addition of a GABA(A) receptor antagonist on its own converted the DHPG-induced oscillations to intermittent episodes of accentuated theta frequency activity following a burst. In a proportion of slices, DHPG induced large amplitude field population spiking activity (100-300 mu V) which is correlated linearly with the field theta oscillations and is sensitive to glutamate receptor antagonists, suggesting a role of this type of spikes in theta generation induced by DHPG. These data demonstrate that DHPG-sensitive neuronal networks within medial septum generate theta rhythmic activity and are differentially modulated by excitatory and inhibitory ionotropic neurotransmissions. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of IBRO.”
“Objective: Apoptosis and inflammation are important features of atherosclerotic plaques.