The seeds are 1.5 mm in diameter (Fig.1a and b). The main differences are tabulated in Table 2. The non-polluted stem showed single layer of epidermis covered by thin cuticle and non glandular trichomes, hypodermis; 4–5 Libraries layers of collenchymatous cells, 4–5 layers of parenchymatous cortex; single layer of endodermis with casparian strip. Secondary vascular bundles are present in a ring and remain embedded in the prosenchyma (conjuctive tissue). Phloem is interxylary. Vascular bundles are conjoint, collateral, open and endarch. Pith cells are polygonal with intercellular spaces (Fig. 2a). But in case

of polluted stem there were 5–6 layers of collenchyma, 5–6 layers of parenchyma whereas ruptured endodermis; phloem and cambium are in discontinuous manner. Vascular ABT-888 nmr www.selleckchem.com/products/CAL-101.html bundles are smaller in size. Micro and rosette crystals are present in parenchymatous cells (Fig. 2b). Non-polluted leaf showed single layer of epidermis bearing glandular and non-glandular trichomes covered with cuticle. Stomata are anisocytic and anomocytic present on both the surfaces

of leaf and more frequent on lower surface 1–2 layers of collenchyma in the upper region and lower region, 4 vascular bundles in midrib and presence of micro and rosette crystals of calcium oxalate in parenchymatous cells. The stomatal index was found to be 18.12–19.75 on upper surface and 20.00–22.66 on lower surface in non-polluted leaves while in case of polluted plant samples stomatal index is 18.11–23.15 on upper surface and

18.03–22.25 on lower surface. Palisade ratio is lower in polluted leaves. Vein Islet Number and Vein Termination Number were higher in those plants which are colleted from polluted areas. Mesophyll is differentiated into 3–4 layers of palisade, Phosphatidylinositol diacylglycerol-lyase 2–3 layers of spongy parenchyma, (Fig. 3a and b). But the polluted leaf is isobilateral in nature containing 2–3 layers of collenchyma present in upper region and 1–3 layers of collenchyma in lower region. 7–9 layer of palisade with a duct and a continuous layer of rosette crystals of calcium oxalate Lamina. In polluted leaves the glandular trichomes and spongy parenchyma are absent (Fig. 3c & d). The result shows the presence of saponin, tannin, lignin, protein, carbohydrates, suberin, glucoside, flavin, and traces amount of oil and absence of alkaloids and sugars in both the cases. Degrees of changes in colour reaction tests are tabulated in Table 2. The numbers of spots are higher in non-polluted plant than the polluted plant (Fig. 4). Rf values of Chenopodium album Linn. were decreased in those plants which were collected from polluted areas, results are tabulated in Table 3. The percentage of water and alcoholic soluble extractives are lower whereas LOD, total ash, acid insoluble and sulphated ash are higher in polluted plant samples (Table 4).