Microarray analysis of mock treated (-CAM), uninfected vs. infected THP-1 cells using a broad cut-off of >0 fold revealed a gene summary list of 2557 genes (P < 0.05) (Additional file 1- Table S1.B). Within this data set are the 784 genes which changed ≥2 fold (S1.A), and was considered a significant change. Using a >0 fold cut-off for the CAM treated (+CAM) uninfected vs. infected THP-1 cells, a gene summary list of 2584 genes were identified (Additional file 1 – Table S1.D). The subset of 901 genes that changed significantly (≥2 fold, S1.B) was within this large gene summary

list. Figure 3 depicts a comparison of these two sets of microarray data using Venn diagrams. To eliminate the insignificantly (<2 fold) expressed genes, (i) the subset of significant THP-1-CAM genes (784) was cross-matched KU55933 in vivo to the THP-1+CAM whole gene summary list (>0 EPZ-6438 mouse fold) of 2584 genes and   (ii) the subset of significant THP-1+CAM genes (901) was cross-matched to the THP-1-CAM whole gene summary list (>0 fold) of 2557 genes   This cross comparison identified 28 genes in the THP-1-CAM subset and 35 genes in the THP-1+CAM subset that were significantly changed (≥2 fold) between the two microarray conditions. The overlapping genes from these two data sets were pooled (27 genes) and uniquely

expressed genes in the -CAM (1 gene) and +CAM (8 genes) were identified. Comparing the results from these two gene subsets provided us with a list of 36 candidate host cell genes whose expression was ≥2 fold different between the mock treated (-CAM) and CAM treated (+CAM) arrays, indicating genes whose expression is modulated by de novo synthesized C. burnetii proteins. Figure 3 Venn diagram of differentially expressed THP-1 genes. A venn diagram visualization showing 784 and 901 differentially

Histamine H2 receptor expressed host genes in C. burnetii infected THP-1 cells under mock (- CAM) and CAM treated (+ CAM) conditions respectively, as determined by oligonucleotide microarray analysis. Comparisons between differentially expressed genes of -CAM with the gene summary list of + CAM (>0 fold Δ = 2584 genes) and differentially expressed genes of + CAM with the gene summary list of -CAM (>0 fold Δ = 2557 genes) are also shown. The intersections (areas of overlap) indicate genes regulated in common under both conditions. Twenty-eight of the differentially expressed genes in – CAM and thirty-five of the differentially expressed genes in + CAM are modulated by C. burnetii protein synthesis (>2 fold difference). Of these, twenty-seven are common between the two conditions, while eight and one genes are GSI-IX uniquely expressed in +CAM and -CAM conditions, respectively. Host cell biological functions associated with THP-1 mRNAs modulated by de novo C. burnetii protein synthesis To determine the host cell biological pathways being affected by C. burnetii protein synthesis, IPA was used. Analysis of the subset of thirty-six differentially expressed host genes modulated by C.