The 30-day composite mortality/major morbidity was 19.5%. The overall mortality was 2.7% and correlated with (Pvalue, odds ratio [OR]): patient age (<.001, 1.056), low body weight (.007, 0.988), significant preoperative dyspnea (.03, 1.97), dialysis (.003, 5.26), history transient ischemic attack (.03, 2.43), and bleeding disorder (.02, 2.01).

Major complications occurred in 18.7% patients, including 7.4% graft thromboses, and 9.4% wound infections. Major systemic complications occurred in 5.9% and correlated with: age (.001, 1.03), history myocardial infarction (.02, 2.37), dialysis (<.001, 2.52), impaired sensorium (.005, 2.93), and general (vs regional) anesthesia (.04, 1.9). Major operative site-related complications Cisplatin purchase occurred in 15.1% and correlated with: history chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (.04, 1.40), limb salvage indication (<.001, 1.71), H 89 impaired sensorium (.01, 2.26), non-independent preoperative functional status (.03, 1.37), and operative time (<.001, 1.002). The combination of dialysis and age >80 was identified as the most powerful high-risk composite

for death (13.3-fold) and major complications (2.2-fold).

Conclusion: Infrainguinal BPG is accompanied by significant major morbidity and mortality in contemporary practice. These results reinforce the precept that stringent indications for BPG should be maintained, when considering the method of lower extremity revascularization. (J Vase Surg 2009;50:299-304.)”
“The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) is an important part of the limbic system.

It has been shown that chemical stimulation of the BST elicited cardiovascular depressive and bradycardic responses. It was also demonstrated that GABA is present in the BST, though its role in cardiovascular control is not yet understood. This study was performed to find the effects of GABA receptor subtypes in the BST on cardiovascular responses and to find the possible mechanisms that mediate these responses in urethane-anesthetized rats. Microinjection of muscimol (500 pmol/100 nl), a GABA(A) agonist, into the BST produced a weak unsignificant decrease in the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR). Injection of bicuculline methiodide (BMI, 100 pmol/100 nl), a GABA(A) antagonist, BRSK2 caused a significant increase in the MAP (41.3 +/- 5.1 mmHg) as well as in the HR (33.2 +/- 5.6 beats/min). Injection of two doses (500 and 1000 pmol/100 nl) of phaclofen, a GABA(B) antagonist, produced no significant change in either MAP or HR. Administration (i.v.) of the muscarinic receptor blocker, homatropine methyl bromide had no effect on the magnitude of mean arterial pressure or heart rate responses to BMI. This suggests that the parasympathetic system is not involved in these responses. However, administration (i.v.