[1, 2] Sodium chloride concentration in tubular

[1, 2] Sodium chloride concentration in tubular selleck compound library fluid mostly depends on the volume and speed of the glomerular filtrate through a tubular system. When this concentration decreases (usually the result of decreased glomerular filtration rate), signals from MDC lead to the increased renin release from juxtaglomerular cells (located in arteriole walls), as well as vasodilatation of afferent arterioles that supplies the glomerulus with blood. Both these events result in increased glomerular hydrostatic pressure, which returns glomerular filtration rate to normal levels. Macula densa cells are also important contributors to the activity of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), mainly

through their regulation of renin release in juxtaglomerular cells.[1-3] In postnatal development, it is known that kidney as an organ undergoes various changes in its structural organization and function. These changes reflect on glomerular filtration rate, Proteases inhibitor renal blood flow, glomerular basement membrane (GBM) permeability and overall ability of kidney to concentrate urine.[4, 5] These changes are primarily the consequence of age-related processes occurring in renal cortex. Neonatal kidney has certain unique characteristics that distinguish it from adult organ.[6, 7] Mechanisms and/or the rate of ion transport

in tubular system, such as sodium/hydrogen exchange and sodium/phosphate transport significantly change in postnatal development.[5, 8] Developmental changes occur both in transcellular and paracellular ion transport.[9, 10] Also,

reactivity of neonatal tubular system to certain hormones, such as vasopressin is smaller when compared with adult kidney.[5, 11] This significantly decreases the urine concentration capability of neonatal kidney. Unlike other parts of the nephron, in macula densa cells, it is unclear what kind of structural and functional changes occur during postnatal development either in humans or in experimental animal models. In recent years, there have been many research efforts to apply various imaging methods in kidney research. Fractal analysis (FA) is today one of the modern imaging techniques that are commonly used to detect structural and ultrastructural changes in cell and tissues.[12] In nephrology, so far, it has been successfully applied Interleukin-2 receptor in complexity quantification of kidney microvascular morphology, by determining two major FA parameters: fractal dimension and lacunarity. Microvascular morphology was evaluated on digital tissue images after conversion to binary format, using modern image analysis software, such as ImageJ and MATLAB.[13] A similar approach has been used to analyze vascular networks in renal carcinomas.[14, 15] In this article, we present evidence that the complexity of chromatin structure of macula densa cells decreases during postnatal development in mice.

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