18 A specific ASIP haplotype (AH) based on two single nucleotide polymorphisms has been associated with red and blond selleck chemical hair, tanning sensitivity, and increased risk of skin cancer.19,20 Downstream of MC1R, a tyrosinase (TYR) is involved in both eumelanin and pheomelanin synthesis, while a tyrosinase related protein (TYRP1) is involved in eumelanin synthesis exclusively.21 Polymorphic variants of TYR and TYRP1 associate with blue eye color, increased skin sensitivity to sun, and melanoma risk.20 With reference to skin type, hair and eye color, the aim of this study was to assess the impact of MC1R variation on SCC risk in RT patients. Also the relationship between the naturally occurring variants of ASIP, TYR, and TYP1 and susceptibility to SCC was explored.

This is the first comprehensive report dedicated to the correlation between genetic variation associated with phenotypic traits and susceptibility to SCC risk in RT patients. Materials & Methods Study subjects All participants invited (n = 555) were recruited through the Norwegian Renal Registry. They were all above the age of 18 with functional renal grafts at time of invitation. At least one invasive SCC was diagnosed in 185 (33.3%) of the invitees. Two SCC negative controls were matched by gender, year of birth (+/? 3 years), and duration of grafts (+/? 3 years) for each case according to the incidence density sampling method.22 Among those who eventually volunteered to participate (n = 217; 39.1%), SCC was diagnosed in 80 patients (36.9%).

All study participants provided informed consent, delivered EDTA-blood for DNA analyses, and responded to a questionnaire reporting skin phototype, hair and eye color, and the presence of skin lesions considered as warts or ��warty-like�� lesions (Table 1). In short, the typing of skin refers to skin phototype 1 (SPT1) as white, always burns and never tans; SPT2 as having some tanning response, otherwise as SPT1; SPT3 have white skin with a gradual and moderate tanning potential with minimal burns; whereas SPT4 has light brown skin with good tanning response and minimal burns.23 The representation of transplant recipients with and without SCC were evenly distributed throughout the different therapeutic eras administrating azathiopurine (Aza), prednisone (Pred), cyclosporine A (CsA), mycophenolate mofetil, and tacrolimus (1968�C1983; Aza+Pred; 1983�C1985: CsA+Pred; 1985�C1987: CsA+Pred, or Csa+Aza+Pred, randomized; 1987�C2000: Csa+Aza+Pred; 2000-onwards: gradually conversion from Aza to mycophenolat mofetil, and CsA to tacrolimus).

Initial immunosuppression is normally used during the grafts entire life. The study was approved by the Regional Ethical Committee and performed according to the Helsinki declaration. Table 1 Clinical variables and phenotypic characteristics of renal Dacomitinib transplant patients with (SCC positive) and without (SCC negative) squamous cell carcinoma of the skin.