2 3 Accuracy of the QCM BiosensorWe further tried IgE detection

2.3. Accuracy of the QCM BiosensorWe further tried IgE detection in human serum containing a variety of proteins, including different types of immunoglobulins. IgE concentrations in clinical human serum samples were simultaneously measured by the QCM biosensor and the chemoluminescence method. Mean values by the aptamer-based QCM biosensor, antibody-based QCM biosensor and chemoluminescence in 50 clinical human serum samples were 64.0, 62.6 and 64.9 ��g/L, respectively,
Ecological studies provide the necessary background knowledge required to properly interpret a number of paleoclimatic records derived from biological organisms [1,2].

Mountainous and ecotonal regions have been identified as critical zones for understanding eco-hydro-climatic changes over a variety of timescales [3], but dendrochronological records from high latitude and/or high elevation climatic treelines [4] have been the subject of heated controversy regarding their significance for defining human impacts on global surface air temperature [5]. A recent review of climate warming impacts on timberline carbon and water balances in the central European Alps suggested that treeline dynamics respond more to climate extremes than gradual temperature changes [6]. In the western United States, ring-width of bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva D.K. Bailey) growing within about 150 m of the upper treeline limit have reached unprecedented peaks in the last few decades [7].

This trend is matched by increased air temperature in PRISM data [8], although cause-effect mechanisms would have been easier to identify if in situ hydroclimatic measurements had been available.

While several investigations Cilengitide have focused on environmental controls of wood growth at mid- or high-latitude treelines e.g., [9,10], relatively fewer studies have focused on low-latitude locations e.g., [11,12]. On the other hand, measurements of tropical forest plots at elevations below treeline have been used to assess long-term changes in forest biomass and carbon cycling [13], and stem size changes have provided information on ecological pathways linked to water cycling in these regions [14�C16].

Despite the difficulty of separating radial growth from hydration Brefeldin_A status of tropical trees [17�C19], intensive monitoring of stem dimension can generate data on soil water availability in seasonally dry tropical environments [20]. Baker et al. [15] found that shade-tolerant woody species in a Ghana forest displayed little diurnal variation in stem size related to water exchanges, and attributed this to low elastic storage in the trunks.

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