5 +/- 5.2 vs. 8.9 +/- 5.5 years, P=0.003). There was a significant inverse relationship between viral load and symptoms (chi(2) = 4.7.5, P = 0.03). Patients with low viral load (<2 million copies) were 5 times more likely to have symptoms than those with high viral loads (P = 0.03). Significance was also noted between

HCV genotype and ALT levels (chi(2) = 3.72, P = 0.05). There were no significant relationships between symptom Bcl-2 inhibitor status and race, comorbidities. alaninie transaminase, aspartate transaminase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, HCV genotype, or liver histology.

Conclusion: Pediatric patients with HCV can have significant symptoms and physiologic liver changes related to HCV.”
“Background:

Nerve transfers using ulnar and/or median nerve fascicles to restore elbow flexion have been widely used following traumatic brachial plexus injury, but their utility following neonatal brachial plexus palsy remains unclear. The present multicenter study tested the hypothesis that these transfers can restore elbow flexion and supination in infants with neonatal brachial plexus palsy.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the cases of thirty-one patients at BMS-754807 ic50 three institutions who had undergone ulnar and/or median nerve fascicle transfer to the biceps and/or brachialis branches of the musculocutaneous nerve after neonatal brachial plexus palsy. The primary outcome measures were postoperative elbow flexion and supination as measured with the Active Movement Scale (AMS). Patients were followed for at least eighteen months postoperatively unless they obtained full elbow

flexion or supination (AMS = 7) prior to eighteen months of follow-up.

Results: Twenty-seven (87%) of the thirty-one patients obtained functional elbow flexion (AMS >= 6), and twenty-four (77%) obtained full recovery of elbow flexion against gravity (AMS = 7). Of the twenty-four patients for whom recovery of supination was recorded, five (21%) obtained functional recovery. Combined ulnar and median nerve fascicle transfers were performed in five patients and resulted in full recovery of elbow flexion against gravity Cilengitide and supination of AMS >= 5 for all five. Single-fascicle transfer was performed in twenty-six patients and resulted in functional flexion in 85% (twenty-two of twenty-six) and functional supination in 15% (three of twenty). Patients with nerve root avulsion were treated at a younger age (p < 0.01), had poorer preoperative elbow flexion (p < 0.01), and recovered greater supination (p < 0.01) compared with patients with dissociative recovery. Younger patients (p < 0.01) and patients with C5-C6 avulsion (p < 0.02) recovered the greatest supination. One patient sustained a transient anterior interosseous nerve palsy after median nerve fascicle transfer.