(C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) comprises a set of interconnected regions that integrate
information from affective sensory and social cues, long-term memory, and representations of the ‘self’. Alhough the vmPFC is implicated in a variety of seemingly disparate processes, these processes are organized around a common theme. The vmPFC is not necessary for affective responses per se, but is critical when affective responses are shaped by conceptual information about specific outcomes. The vmPFC thus functions as a hub that links concepts with brainstem systems capable of coordinating Survivin inhibitor organism-wide emotional behavior, a process we describe in terms of the generation of affective meaning, and which could explain the common role played
by the vmPFC in a range of experimental paradigms.”
“Background: Mitral valve dysplasia syndrome is a unique form of left-sided heart disease characterized by aortic outflow hypoplasia, dilated left ventricle, dysplastic/incompetent mitral valve, and a restrictive/intact atrial septum. Patients with this constellation of abnormalities have been https://www.selleckchem.com/products/mk-4827-niraparib-tosylate.html managed in a variety of ways with overall poor outcomes.
Methods: We performed a retrospective review of all patients with mitral valve dysplasia syndrome to identify fetal echocardiographic markers predictive of outcomes.
Results: Mitral valve dysplasia syndrome was identified in 10 fetuses. Fetal left heart dilation and abnormal pulmonary venous flow were associated with increased mortality. Seven fetuses had abnormal pulmonary venous Doppler patterns; 3 had a unique “”double-reversal”
flow pattern. Severe fetal left heart dilation (left heart/right heart area ratio > 1.5) was present in 5. Prenatal intervention was performed on 3 fetuses: balloon aortic valvuloplasty (n = 2) and balloon atrial septostomy (n = 1). Of the 3, one died in utero and neither survivor underwent a 2-ventricle repair. Five patients required an immediate postnatal intervention to open the atrial septum. The overall mortality was www.selleck.cn/products/BI6727-Volasertib.html 50%.
Conclusions: Mitral valve dysplasia syndrome is a unique form of congenital heart disease with severe aortic stenosis but normal or enlarged left ventricle secondary to primary mitral valve disease. Increased left heart size and pulmonary vein Doppler patterns are predictive of postnatal outcome. Despite the presence of a dilated left ventricle, postnatal management with staged single ventricle palliation may be the most effective strategy. (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2011;142:1381-7)”
“Background. Previous research indicates that alcohol and drug dependence constitute aspects of a general vulnerability to externalizing disorders that accounts for much of the parent-offspring resemblance for these and related disorders.