Furthermore, it is proposed a design methodology over a FGPA for the TDNN. The tool used to simulate the system in floating point format was Matlab and Simulink, and especially the Neural Network Toolbox was used [20].Initially the bit rate (Rb) was set to one kilobit per second and ten samples were taken per bit (n = 10), therefore the sampling frequency (fm) was set to 10 kHz. The value of the bit rate has not transcendence, the important parameter is the number of samples per bit. In the final system the bit rate can increase as much as the technology permits, according to the maximum clock frequency. Figure 2 shows the original data signal and the sampled received signal with +10 dB of SNR.Figure 2.(a) Original data signal and (b) sampled received signal.3.

?The Floating Point ModellingFigure 3 shows a Time Delay Neural Network (TDNN), it is a neural network which includes input cascaded delay elements. In this case, each element delays the signal a sampling interval (Tm seconds). For processing n samples, (n �C 1) delay cells are necessary. This architecture has a transitory period for the first input symbol until the first n samples arrive. Without the delay cells the system is a Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network type.Figure 3.Time delay neural network.The question is whether this TDNN will improve the SNR of the sampled signal. This TDNN is trained with its input noisy sampled signal and the target is the original data signal. The signal received at the input of the sampler is called r(t), which is equal to the data signal d(t) plus noise signal n(t); that is, r(t) = d(t) + n(t).

At a given time, called t0, the delay elements of the neural network store the samples r(to �C kTm), where k is equal to 0, 1, 2, ��, 9. For these values the target for the neural network training is d(to), the original data value in t0. The observation interval is Tb seconds.Initially to train, validate and test t
In fullerene (C60), each carbon atom is bound to three other carbons and is sp2-hybridized. The C60 molecule has two types of bonds: the double bond of 6:6 ring bonds and the shorter bond in 6:5 bonds. C60 behaves like electron-deficient alkenes, and readily reacts with electron-rich species [1]. Their small size, inert behavior, and stable structure account for the low toxicity of fullerenes, even at relatively high concentrations.

Their electrochemical characteristics combined with unique physiochemical properties enable the application of fullerenes in the design AV-951 of novel biosensor systems. Given their possible protein and enzyme functionalization, as well as their signal mediation and light-induced switching, fullerenes can potentially provide new and powerful tools in the fabrication of electrochemical biosensors [2].Urea is one of the metabolic products of protein metabolism.