In multivariate analyses for risk factors of HCC, sex and histological stage were selected as the only significant factors among male sex, old age, low serum albumin levels, low serum total cholesterol levels, advanced histological stage and symptomatic status raised by comparative INCB024360 purchase analyses. By multivariate analyses for risk factors of HCC by sex, histological stage at the time of PBC diagnosis was an independent risk factor for

HCC in females (Table 2), whereas no significant independent factors were selected in males (Table 3). With respect to histological stage, there was no difference in the proportion of males and females who underwent histological staging at the time Everolimus mw of PBC diagnosis (Fig. 2). The incidence of histological stages 3 and 4 was approximately 16.0% in male and female patients with PBC without HCC (Fig. 2), whereas it was 14.2% and 57.1%

in male and female patients with PBC with HCC, respectively.[1, 22] Advanced histological stage was a risk factor for HCC in females but not in males (Fig. 2, Tables 2,3). Therefore, male patients with PBC should be followed up to consider the possibility of complication with HCC in any PBC stage. AT THE 47TH Annual Meeting of the Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan, the survey of 178 patients with PBC with HCC (100 fatalities in the past years and 78 patients followed up) revealed that the proportion of males was 27.5% (49 males and 129 females), which was similar to that from the National Survey of PBC in Japan. The average age at the time of PBC diagnosis was higher for males (68 years) than for females (62 years), but the time of HCC diagnosis was similar between males (73 years) and females (72 years; Fig. 3). Moreover, the duration between the diagnosis of PBC and that of HCC was shorter in males than Amoxicillin in females (Fig. 3). HCC was simultaneously diagnosed

during or before PBC diagnosis in 32.7% (16/49) of males and 14.7% (19/129) of females. Clinicopathological data at the time of HCC diagnosis are shown in Table 4. There were more males with previous HBV infection and a history of alcohol consumption than females. There were no differences with respect to the history of blood transfusion, diabetes mellitus, antimitochondrial antibody levels, antinuclear antibody levels, body mass index, serum triglyceride levels, serum total cholesterol levels associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis), and use of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA; Table 4) between males and females. However, an analysis excluding patients with previous HBV infection and a history of alcohol consumption revealed no difference in other clinical findings, although the proportion of males (male/female = 24/104, 18.5%) remained higher than that of the male patients with PBC (male/female = 370/2576, 12.6%).