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“Introduction Ulixertinib cost The non-surgical management of high-grade renal injuries is initially successful in more than 85% of patients [1–3]. The Organ Injury Scale (OIS) of the American Association for the Surgery
of Trauma (AAST) is of utmost clinical importance since the higher the renal injury grade with the higher the frequency of surgery [4]. The primary objective of the non-surgical treatment is to preserve enough renal parenchyma to prevent dialysis in the case of loss of the contralateral kidney (to achieve approximately 30% function of a normal kidney) [5–9]. There has long been interest in quantitative dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) renal scintigraphy for long-term evaluation of renal function after trauma and surgery. In spite of some series recently published, usually post-injury follow-up is and evaluation of kidney function were inadequate in the literature [1, 10–15]. Arterial hypertension is an uncommon complication
of renal trauma, although reports on its incidence vary from 1 to 40% [16–19]. Despite the relative scarcity of this complication, its potential negative impact on life expectancy and morbidity makes a serious complication [18, 20]. Posttraumatic renovascular hypertension is usually renin dependent, and associated with vascular and renal parenchymal injury [18, 20]. Captopril renography is a useful and reliable test in patients with suspicion of renovascular hypertension [21, 22]. In this study, we aimed to follow patients with high grades (grades III, IV e V) renal injuries after ZD1839 mw successfully non-operative management. This late evaluation should establish the degree of functional deficit of the injured kidney, its clinical and laboratorial repercussions and also the incidence and etiology of the arterial hypertension arising after trauma, to verify if it is essential or renovascular origin. Materials and methods After approval from the Research Ethics Committee, we retrospectively reviewed the patients with renal injuries over a 16-year period, including all patients who had high grades renal injury (grades III to V) successfully non-operative
management after staging by computed tomography Olopatadine between January 1989 and December 2004. Non-operative treatment included bed rest, close clinical observation with monitoring of vital signs and PS-341 cell line serial haematocrit studies. Except in three patients, intravenous antibiotic was given during hospital stay. Patients with gross haematuria were kept on bed rest until the urine was clear. The medical records were reviewed for patient age, injury mechanism, injury side, significant associated abdominal injuries, past medical history, physical findings including macroscopic hematuria, laboratorial findings, radiological imaging, medical and surgical management, blood transfusion requirements, length of hospital stay, and the development of urological complications.