“
“Overconsumption of fructose results in hepatic

dyslipidemia, which has a documented correlation with metabolic syndrome. We examined whether the ingestion of phospholipids (PL) from soybeans prevents fructose-induced metabolic abnormalities. Rats were fed either a fructose-free diet (C), a 60% fructose diet (F), or a 60% fructose plus 3% PL diet (F-PL) for 10 wk. At wk 8, plasma glucose concentrations after glucose loading were significantly higher in rats fed the F diet than in rats fed the C and F-PL diets, which did not differ from one another. The concentrations of hepatic TG, diglycerides, ceramides, and oleates in rats fed the F diet for 10 wk was significantly higher than those in rats fed the C diet. The increases PCI-32765 solubility dmso were prevented by concurrent PL ingestion; concentrations did not differ between the F-PL and C groups. Dietary fructose increased the mRNA expression of SREBP1, ChREBP, and genes related to lipogenesis. PL completely inhibited these increases. Furthermore, reflecting the difference at the mRNA level, lipogenic enzyme activities were greater in rats fed the

F diet than in rats fed the C diet, and PL ingestion suppressed the increased activities by fructose feeding. Treatment of cultured Hep-G2 cells with fructose for 24 h increased the levels of SREBP1 and ChREBP nuclear proteins, which were suppressed by culture with purified PL components, especially phosphatidylethanolamine and

phosphatidylinositol. These findings indicate that PL prevents fructose-induced GDC 0032 inhibitor metabolic abnormalities MLN4924 in association with alterations of the hepatic lipid profile by inhibiting de novo lipogenesis. J. Nutr. 141: 2003-2009, 2011.”
“What is known and Objective: ABT-594 is a non-opioid, non-NSAID analgesic. The objective of this work was to characterize the population pharmacokinetics of ABT-594 in subjects with neuropathic pain. Methods: Efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics of ABT-594 in subjects with painful diabetic polyneuropathy were evaluated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multi-centre, 7-week Phase 2 study. Subjects (N = 266) were approximately equally divided into four groups to receive BID regimens of placebo or 150, 225 and 300 mu g of ABT-594. ABT-594 concentrations were determined from all subjects, whereas a subset of subjects provided intensive pharmacokinetic samples on two occasions. One- and two-compartment models were explored for characterizing plasma ABT-594 concentrationtime profiles. The relative importance of covariates (age, weight, body surface area, creatinine clearance, gender, nicotine use and albumin concentrations) was examined by use of the likelihood ratio test. Model building was accomplished using stepwise forward selection (P < 0.05) and backward elimination (P < 0.005) of covariates. Population analyses were performed using NONMEM.