Shikimate and theirbination on vascular endothelium-dependent relaxation with acetylcholine and endothelium-independent relaxation with sodium nitroprusside of each group of SHR S and WKY. Acetylcholine-induced vascular relaxation was examined without pretreatment with L -NAM and with pretreatment with L -NAME . S spontaneously hypertensive rat; SHRc amlodipine-treated SHRcp; SHRc candesartan-treated SHRcp; SHRc both candesartan and amlodipine-treated SHRcp; SHRc vehicle-treated SHRcp; S sodium nitroprusside; W Wistar “Kyoto rat. Values are means s.e.m AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION Vascular relaxation Vascular relaxation Vascular relaxation ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONSbination of Candesartan With Amlodipine amlodipine and theirbination on insulin-induced vasodilation in each group of SHR S and Wistar Kyoto .
Insulin-induced vascular relaxation was estimated without pretreatment with L -NAME or Clofarabine with pretreatment with spontaneously hypertensive rat; SHRc amlodipine-treated SHRcp; SHRc candesartan-treated SHRcp; SHRc both candesartan and amlodipine-treated SHRcp; SHRc vehicle-treated SHRcp; S sodium nitroprusside. Values are means s.e.m vascular relaxation in SHRcp to the same levels to WKY rats. Vascular relaxation with insulin was almostpletely abolished by pretreatment with l-NAME in all groups of rats . Effects on vascular superoxi NADPH oxidase subunit pho eN and SOD As shown in Figure , SHRcp showed greater aortic superoxide levels and greater NADPH oxidase subunit phox levels than SHR. Candesartan monotherapy signifi-cantly attenuated aortic superoxide and phox levels of SHR whereas amlodipine monotherapy failed to attenuate them. Howev thebination therapy of can-desartan and amlodipine synergistically purchase Naringenin reduced aortic super-oxide levels and phox levels of SHRcp .
As shown in Supplementary Figure onli unexpect-ed SHRcp showed higher aortic phospho-eNOS levels than SHR . Candesartan monotherapy and thebina-tion of order Camptothecin candesartan with amlodipine significantly and simi-larly prevented the increase in aortic phospho-eNOS levels in SHRc whereas amlodipine monotherapy did not alter it. Aortic extracellular-S cr-zinc-S and manga-nese-SOD levels in SHRcp were not significantly changed by candesart amlodipi or theirbination . Effects on adipocyte si serum free-fatty ac and TNF As shown in Figure a and SHRcp exhibited much larger visceral adipocyte size and higher serum free-fatty acid levels than SHR.
Candesartan or amlodipine monotherapy did not significantly reduce visceral adi-pocyte size or serum free-fatty acid of SHRcp. Howev thebination of these drugs significantly reduced visceral adipocyte size and serum free-fatty acid of SHRcp. Figure c and d myosin indicated higher TNF concentrations in adipose tissue and plasma of SHRcp than those of SHR. Thebination of candesartan and amlodipine decreased adipose tissue and plasma TNF of SHRcp more than either monotherapy. Effect on HOMA IR and adiponectin As shown in Supplementary Figure onli SHRcp dis-played much higher HOMA IR than SHR. Candesartan mon-otherapy markedly reduced HOMA IR of SHR.