The NCS yielded two classes, but suggested both qualitative and quantitative differences.

The more contemporary NESARC sample supported a two and three class model, with the three class model suggesting two variants of respiratory panic. The NESARC’s three class model continued to provide the best fit when the model was restricted to a more severe form of PD/panic disorder with agoraphobia.

Conclusions. Results from epidemiologic and clinical samples suggest two panic subtypes, with PRT062607 mw one subtype characterized by a respiratory component and a second class typified by general somatic symptoms. Results are discussed in light of their relevance to the etiopathogenesis of PD.”
“Background In north India many pre-school children are underweight, many have intestinal worms, and 2-3% die at ages 1.0-6.0 years. We used the state-wide Integrated Child Development Service (ICDS) infrastructure to help to assess any effects of regular deworming on mortality.

Methods Participants in this cluster-randomised study were children in catchment areas of 8338 ICDS-staffed village child-care centres (under-5 population 1 million) in 72 administrative blocks. Groups of four neighbouring blocks were cluster-randomly allocated in Oxford between 6-monthly vitamin A (retinol capsule of 200 000 IU retinyl acetate in oil, to be cut and dripped into

the child’s mouth every 6 months), albendazole PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitor 3 (400 mg tablet every 6 months), both, or neither (open control). Analyses of albendazole effects are by block (36 vs 36 clusters). The study spanned 5 calendar years, with 11 6-monthly mass-treatment days for all children then aged 6-72 months. Annually, one centre per block was randomly selected and visited by a study team 1-5 months after any trial deworming to sample faeces (for presence of worm eggs, reliably assessed only after mid-study), weigh children, and interview caregivers. Separately, all these 8338 centres were visited every 6 months to monitor pre-school deaths (100 000 visits, 25 000 deaths at age 1.0-6.0 years [the primary outcome]).

This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00222547.

Findings Estimated compliance with 6-monthly albendazole was 86%. Among 2589 versus 2576 children surveyed during the second half of the study, nematode egg prevalence was 16% versus 36%, and most infection was light. After at least 2 years of treatment, weight at ages 3.0-6.0 years (standardised to age 4.0 years, 50% male) was 12.72 kg albendazole versus 12.68 kg control (difference 0.04 kg, 95% CI -0.14 to 0.21, p=0.66). Comparing the 36 albendazole-allocated versus 36 control blocks in analyses of the primary outcome, deaths per child-care centre at ages 1.0-6.0 years during the 5-year study were 3.00 (SE 0.07) albendazole versus 3.16 (SE 0.09) control, difference 0.16 (SE 0.11, mortality ratio 0.95, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.02, p=0.16), suggesting absolute risks of dying between ages 1.0 and 6.0 years of roughly 2.5% albendazole versus 2.6% control.