The primary selleck chemical model physical settings are the same as these in our previous studies, i.e. [Li et al. 2004b and Li et al. 2007]. The outermost coarse-mesh lateral boundary conditions are specified by linearly interpolating the National Centers for Environment Prediction (NCEP) 6-hourly Final TSA Analyses (FNL) at a resolution of 1�� �� 1�� degree. The sea
Non-destructive, non-contact and fast measurement methods are in great demand for on-line industrial quality control tasks. Optical methods, like machine vision systems, allow real-time classification or discrimination of objects on the processing line. By processing the spatial distribution of its RGB coordinates, an object can be identified, its spatial location can be determined and its visible properties, such as colour and shape, can be described by quantitative properties [1-3].

Spectroscopy is another optical method used for routine quality analysis in industry. Spectral properties, such as NIR reflectance, can detect invisible features, e.g. existence of chemical components on the surface. In order to detect a certain feature on a particular object, characteristic Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries wavelengths must be determined by the analysis of sample spectra from that object [4]. Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries Features of interest can be detected by measuring the reflectance on the characteristic wavelengths determined by this analysis. Multi-spectral imaging, much like RGB imaging, can measure the spatial distribution of reflectance at numerous wavelengths (typically �� 10).

This fast and non-contact measurement method can be also used for real-time controlling or quality control tasks [5, 6].

Hyperspectral imaging extends the concept of multispectral imaging to the measurement of images Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries at hundreds of contiguous wavelengths. This Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries non-destructive, non-contact Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries technology was first used for airborne remote sensing applications [7], and since then it has been demonstrated as feasible for many quality control applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries [8]. A number of configurations Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries exist Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries for acquiring hyperspectral images, including the ��push-broom�� Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries setup [9] and the variable filter focal-plane array [10].

In the push-broom setup, a Brefeldin_A spectrograph disperses light reflected from a line segment Anacetrapib of a sample into a spectrum, mapping all points of the examined line into a rectangular area of a sensor matrix (Figure 1).Figure 1.Push-broom measurement setup.

The sensor scans this rectangular area with given spatial, List 1|]# spectral and signal resolution, grabbing an Intensity(X,W) matrix, where X is the spatial axis and W represents the spectral axis. Moving steadily perpendicular to the examined line in the Y direction and performing a line scan at each spatial position, the spectra of each pixel can be measured on the surface. The result is an Intensity(X,Y,W) matrix, commonly called a ��data hypercube��.