devised mechanistic experiments in the methionine-choline deficient Selleckchem Cabozantinib (MCD) model of NASH. Immunization with malonyldialdehyde-adducted bovine serum albumin before the deficient diet worsened all severity parameters examined in animals subjected to this model, except for hepatic triglyceride content. In immunized MCD animals, there was a recruitment of T lymphocytes and natural killer T cells in the liver with an increased hepatic content of IL-15 and osteopontin. Furthermore, the researchers showed that depletion of CD4+ T lymphocytes improved the lesions in immunized animals.

This work complements remarkably the clinical observations and suggests that NASH might be an immunologic disease. (Hepatology

2014;59:886–897.) Liver metastases of nonliver tumors often do not catch the attention of hepatologists. However, they are much more frequent than primary liver cancer and are an underexplored field of research. In an astonishing article, Turtoi et al. performed matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization image-guided proteomic analysis of colorectal cancer liver metastases. The reaserchers consistently observed a different distribution of proteins in three spatially distinct zones: the center of the metastasis; the rim of the metastasis; and the peritumoral region. They identified several extracellular proteins selleck compound expressed only in the tumoral stroma, which have potential as therapeutic targets. These results are based on a small number of lesions, but they illustrate the potential

of this approach; still currently very sophisticated, this technology will become more accessible and widely used. (Hepatology 2014;59:924–934.) “
“Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory response to pancreatic injury., The response can be mild and local, or extend to peripancreatic and systemic inflammation. The systemic inflammatory response can also lead to vascular leak, pulmonary edema, hypovolemia hypotension and shock, and ischemic injury to the pancreas, kidney and intestines. The most common etiologies of acute pancreatitis are gallstones, alcoholism, and idiopathic. Treatment is initially aimed at fluid resuscitation, Cytidine deaminase support of organ dysfunction, and in severe cases enteral feeding. Therapeutic endoscopy may be needed to dislodge an impacted gallstone to treat bacterial cholangitis. Treatment is supportive, and a plan to prevent recurrence should be implemented before discharge. “
“A 27-year-old man with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus (average hemoglobin A1c of 15%) presented with a 1-week history of progressive pressure-like right upper abdominal discomfort associated with early satiety and nausea. On physical exam, he had firm hepatomegaly extending into the right pelvis.