The pharmacokinetic parameters of buspirone and its primary metabolite 1-(2-pyrimidinyl)-piperazine after the F1 and F2 modes of administration are summarized in Table 3. Table 3 Pharmacokinetic

parameters for buspirone and 1-(2-pyrimidinyl)-piperazine after either F1 or F2 administration Dosing C max (ng/mL) T max (h) AUC(0–1,590) (ng*h/mL) H 89 clinical trial AUC extrapolated(0–∞) (ng*h/mL) Tlag (h) T ½ (h) F1 buspirone (ng/mL) 3.95 ± 4.38 3.69 ± 0.54 7.63 ± 8.07 8.02 ± 8.57 2.96 ± 0.14 6.03 ± 2.27 F2 buspirone (ng/mL) 2.16 ± 2.55 3.95 ± 1.82 5.14 ± 5.08 5.56 ± 5.24 3.33 ± 0.82 7.12 ± 2.33 F1 1-(2-pyrimidinyl)-piperazine (ng/mL) 4.35 ± 1.65 4.02 ± 0.68 25.4 ± 14.60 27.4 ± 17.8 3.27 ± 0.33 4.84 ± 2.11 F2 1-(2-pyrimidinyl)-piperazine (ng/mL) 3.99 ± 1.71 4.40 ± 2.27 21.6 ± 6.7 22.7 ± 7.4 3.58 ± 1.32 4.86 ± 1.66 The values are mean ± SD. The means of F1 are calculated with the data of 13 women and the means of F2 are based on

the data of 12 women AUC area under the curve, C max maximum concentration, Tlag absorption lag time, T max time to maximum concentration, T ½ half-life The mean concentration–time profiles of buspirone and 1-(2-pyrimidinyl)-piperazine measured after oral administration of a single dose of buspirone (10 mg) using the F1 and F2 modes of administration are shown in Figs. 4 and 5. Fig. 4 Mean buspirone plasma concentration–time profile Fig. 5 Mean 1-(2-pyrimidinyl)-piperazine plasma concentration–time profile The two formulations Selleckchem Doramapimod were well tolerated. 4 Discussion Our results demonstrate that sublingual administration of testosterone in both formulations was followed by a very quick and steep increase of total and free testosterone levels; with peak levels

reached between 10 and 20 minutes, which is in line with our previous studies [9, 26]. Serum levels of total and free testosterone rapidly declined to reach baseline levels by approximately 2.5 hours. The total testosterone C max following administration of 0.50 mg sublingual testosterone after the liquid dosing regimen showed consistency with the reported C max of Tuiten et however al. and van Rooij et al. [9, 26]; however, the C max of total and free testosterone after administration of the selleckchem tablet is higher. This is also reflected by the AUC for total and free testosterone after administration of the tablet compared with the liquid dosing, meaning very fast absorption from the solid polymeric matrix. Since there is no time delay or difference in absorption for the two formulations, the in vivo dissolution of testosterone from the tablet coating is not the rate-limiting step in the absorption process, which indicates that the driving force for dissolution in the saliva is high.