The released ammonia observed by physiologists would correspond to the escape of some ammonia produced by the system when all the ammonia-utilizing

reactions are saturated, a side effect of the serial transformation from uric acid to urea to ammonia to glutamate/glutamine. In this selleck kinase inhibitor metabolic framework, our in silico modeling was performed with the constraint of ammonia release by the endosymbiont. The mathematical expression of the metabolic networks, thus, helps us understand the systemic properties of the host-endosymbiont relationships. Verubecestat in vivo Practically speaking, it serves for the better design of an experimental strategy to functionally characterize the pathway from uric acid to glutamine in cockroaches. Conclusions One of our aims was to perform a genome-scale constraint-based modeling of the metabolisms of two different strains of B. cuenoti, Bge and Pam, primary endosymbionts of the cockroaches B. {Selleck Anti-infection Compound Library|Selleck Antiinfection Compound Library|Selleck Anti-infection Compound Library|Selleck Antiinfection Compound Library|Selleckchem Anti-infection Compound Library|Selleckchem Antiinfection Compound Library|Selleckchem Anti-infection Compound Library|Selleckchem Antiinfection Compound Library|Anti-infection Compound Library|Antiinfection Compound Library|Anti-infection Compound Library|Antiinfection Compound Library|Anti-infection Compound Library|Antiinfection Compound Library|Anti-infection Compound Library|Antiinfection Compound Library|Anti-infection Compound Library|Antiinfection Compound Library|Anti-infection Compound Library|Antiinfection Compound Library|Anti-infection Compound Library|Antiinfection Compound Library|Anti-infection Compound Library|Antiinfection Compound Library|Anti-infection Compound Library|Antiinfection Compound Library|buy Anti-infection Compound Library|Anti-infection Compound Library ic50|Anti-infection Compound Library price|Anti-infection Compound Library cost|Anti-infection Compound Library solubility dmso|Anti-infection Compound Library purchase|Anti-infection Compound Library manufacturer|Anti-infection Compound Library research buy|Anti-infection Compound Library order|Anti-infection Compound Library mouse|Anti-infection Compound Library chemical structure|Anti-infection Compound Library mw|Anti-infection Compound Library molecular weight|Anti-infection Compound Library datasheet|Anti-infection Compound Library supplier|Anti-infection Compound Library in vitro|Anti-infection Compound Library cell line|Anti-infection Compound Library concentration|Anti-infection Compound Library nmr|Anti-infection Compound Library in vivo|Anti-infection Compound Library clinical trial|Anti-infection Compound Library cell assay|Anti-infection Compound Library screening|Anti-infection Compound Library high throughput|buy Antiinfection Compound Library|Antiinfection Compound Library ic50|Antiinfection Compound Library price|Antiinfection Compound Library cost|Antiinfection Compound Library solubility dmso|Antiinfection Compound Library purchase|Antiinfection Compound Library manufacturer|Antiinfection Compound Library research buy|Antiinfection Compound Library order|Antiinfection Compound Library chemical structure|Antiinfection Compound Library datasheet|Antiinfection Compound Library supplier|Antiinfection Compound Library in vitro|Antiinfection Compound Library cell line|Antiinfection Compound Library concentration|Antiinfection Compound Library clinical trial|Antiinfection Compound Library cell assay|Antiinfection Compound Library screening|Antiinfection Compound Library high throughput|Anti-infection Compound high throughput screening| germanica and P. americana, respectively, which are the result of a parallel evolution during the last 140 million years. A striking feature of the two bacteria is not only the genome architecture

conservation, as observed in other similar systems, but also the few gene losses undergone in the different lineages. Thus, both metabolic networks differ from each other in only seven enzymatic reactions. The FBA approach has allowed us to evaluate the different host influences that might explain the loss or retention of certain genes, which is not easy to elucidate

a priori by visual inspection of the respective metabolic maps. In addition, the fragility shown by the metabolic networks is compatible with a constancy of environmental conditions, and it is the expected outcome for minimal metabolisms derived from the streamlining of endosymbiotic bacterial genomes. The model predictions will allow us to address future functional analyses, and formulate new hypotheses on the metabolic interdependence in the ancient symbiosis between B. cuenoti and cockroaches. ifoxetine Methods Definition of the iCG238 and iCG230 models and FBA simulations We reconstructed the iCG238 and iCG230 networks using the E. coli K-12 iJR904 model as a starting point [37]. From this model, we proceeded as Thomas et al. [24] removing all reactions associated with pseudogenes, genes without homologs in those strains or unconnected with the biomass reaction (e.g., gltX, dna, encoding genes of tRNA ligases and DNA glycosylases). We employed the OrthoMCL algorithm [38] to search for orthologs between E. coli K-12 and the different strains of Blattabacterium sp. as well as between the two Blattabacterium strains in order to obtain a first draft of the metabolic models (inflation thresholds, between 1.2 and 5, choosing in each case the best, normally 1.5 and 3).